Marta+Ceballos

toc =**//My code of conduct//**=
 * 1) I will not put photos of other people without his/her permission because they might be doing things they do not want others to see them.
 * 2) I will not insult people on the internet because if I forgive this persone, the insults would stayed there forever.
 * 3) I will put my profile in private because someone you don´t know can see your information and photos.
 * 4) I will make sure who is in my followers list because they can see my private information.
 * 5) I will hide my webcam while I´m not using it because perphaps someone is seeing me.
 * 6) I will not dowload apps if I do not how to use them because they can be illegal.
 * 7) I will tell my parents if I have any problem because they can help me.
 * 8) I will not say my real age because a lot o people can see it.
 * 9) I will not be a hacker because I will have serious problems.
 * 10) I will not put my telephone number because someone can call me.

//**I, Marta Ceballos González,**// //**promise to follow these rules whenever I use the internet so that I can make internet a better place for everyone.**//

=//**Old Newspaper: The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada**//=

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 * ==//**General information**//==

The Nasrid kingdom of Granada was one of the periods in which [|Al-Andalus] was divided during the [|Middle Ages] situated in the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula, with capital in the city of Granada. After the [|Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa] in the year 1212, the only Muslim Kingdom that survived on the Iberian Peninsula was the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. It covered the provinces of Granada, Malaga, Almeria and the eastern part of Cadiz. It was governed by the Nasrid family. The Nasrid Kingdom was very weak so its king became the vassal of the Crown of Castile´s King, to receive its protection. In exchange for protection, the Nasrid king paid parias to the Castilian king.


 * ==//**History**//==

//**1.1 Origins**//
After the Almohad were defeated in the year 1212, in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, the [|Nasrid dynasty], in the southerneast of Al-Andalus, began to gained importance, whose founder was [|Muhammad I Al-Ahmar] who proclaimed himself sultan of the kingdom in the year 1232, being recognized as oligarchies of Guadix, Baza, Jaén, to which the annexation of the Taifa of Malaga (1238), or submission of Almería joined. In the year 1234 he declared to the the vassal´s power of Córdoba, but in the year 1236, [|Fernando III] conquered this city and Alhamar became a vassal of the Castilian king, which allowed him to retained his independence. In the year 1238, Granada Alhamar won domains, but in 1246 Fernando III snatched Jaén, to consolidated their conquests in the Guadalquivir valley, forcing Alhamar to signed the Covenant of Jaén in which he was recognized by the Castilian monarch as lord of that territory and was forced to pay parias to get peace of twenty years.

//Here there is a voki of Muhammad I Al-Ahmar, first king of the Kingdom, that talks about his life and how Ferdinand III conquered him the Nasrid Kingdom.// = = =//**[|Voki]**//=

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//**1.2 An era of prosperity**//
The status of Granada had favorable geographical position, with the mountains of [|Sierra Nevada], that helped prolong the Nasrid kingdom prosper allowing small emirate as a point of trade between medieval Europe and the [|Maghreb]. In fact Granada was a prosperous city during the fourteenth century crisis that ravaged Europe. Granada also served as a refuge for Muslims fleeing the Reconquest. It was to be in Granada from this era where it was to produce one of the most intense cultural blooms of Islam. Most Prominent reflection, perhaps the palace of the Alhambra.

Despite its economic prosperity, political conflicts were constant, and this weakness was exploited by the Christians, who were conquering small territories of the kingdom of Granada. However, some Castilian attempts ended in complete failure, such as disasters Moclín in the year 1280, the Vega de Granada (1319) and Guadix in the year 1362. In turn, the Nasrid armies launched numerous raids on the Christian territories, with mixed results: defeat Linuesa (1361) or victories Algeciras in the year 1369. Between the years 1351 and 1369 the Nazaries took advantage of the civil war that was taking place between Pedro I and Henry II. This conflict, paired exhausted to the Crown of Castile left gave the Nasrid kingdom a few years of peace that could maintain its external strategy without interference from the Castilians.

Due to the opening of new direct trade routes between the Kingdom of Portugal and Africa in the fifteenth century, Granada began to lose its strategic position and became a less important place. With the union of the crowns of Castile and Aragon in the year 1469, the situation was complicated and could not cope with the Christian expansion.



**//1.3 The reasons of Granada´s war//**
With the ​​marriage of the Catholic Monarch, they won the political union of the kingdoms, receiving first the title of king and queen of Spain. Later they had set as a priority the taking of Granada, before beginning stages of expansion and consolidation of territory: the Turks were advancing dangerously through the Balkans and Fernando had chosen for the expansion of the Kingdom of Aragon, Naples and Sicily, colliding with French interests and whose shores were also threatened by the Turks.

It was imperative, definitely finish the Reconquest before starting the stage conquest of Italy. It was very dangerous permanence of Muslims in our territory, as they could become allies and bridgehead of the Turkish Empire for a new invasion of Spain. It was therefore urgent to end once and for all with the Muslim kingdom of Granada.

//**1.4 The conquest of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada**//
//Here there another a voki of Ferdinand II, king of Aragon, that talks about how he and his wife, Isabel,conquered the Nasrid Kingdom in the year 1492.// = = =//**[|Voki]**//=

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The Catholic Monarch conquered the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada in January 2 of 1492. When Isabel and Ferdinand II decided to conquered Granada, Boabdil attacked them, but he lost the Battle and they took him prisoner. He nedded to gave them a lot of territories to returned to Granada. Boabdil betraited, so the Catholic Monarch did another Battle.

The 2 of January, Isabell and Ferdinand II entered in the city and Boabdil gave them the keys. These was the end of the reconquest, now all the Iberian Peninsula was Christian.



//**1.5 Why the Catholic Monarch were buried in Granada?**//
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 * ==//**Government**//==

//**2.1 Territorial organization**//
During the XV century the Kingdom of Granada comprised the provinces of Granada, Almería and Málaga. The kingdom was divided into [|tahas]. The frontiers between the kingdom of Granada and the territories of the Crown of Castile was called the Moorish band, hence many towns in Western Andalusia are called "de la Frontera".

The capital, Granada became one of the most prosperous cities in Europe during the XIV and XV centuries. It was a commercial and cultural center, and it had about 165,000 inhabitants. It had very important urban ensembles such as the Alhambra and the Generalife are preserved. In the Albaicín lived artisans and the rest of the population occupied the flat south, with large industries.

Other important cities were Almería although its period of splendor was between the XI and XII centuries.



//**2.2 Foreign policy**//
At the beginning, the kingdom of Granada was an ally realm of the Crown of Castile, but later had to be tributary to maintain its independence. For much of the XIV century struggles between Christians and benimerines, with the Nasrid support for control of the Strait of Gibraltar would be a constant, with a long history of alliances and betrayals, losses and conquests.

In 1305 the Nasrid conquered Ceuta, although in the year 1309 the Benimerines conquered it with the Aragonese help. In 1325, after the assassination of his father Ismail I, Mohamed IV came to the throne of Granada, who in 1333 seized Algeciras and Gibraltar to the Castilians, although he could not enjoy his military successes because he was killed that same year, at 18 years old, succeeded by his younger brother Yusuf I.

The [|Battle of Salado] in 1340 was a serious setback for both Nazaries and Benimerines, since they would never again interfere in the Iberian Peninsula and therefore lost the Nasrid kings and military aid from North Africa.

After the splendor of these kings, especially Muhammad V, dynastic struggles marked the life of the kingdom, which made the existence of the kingdom depended on the kings of Castile and the kings of Aragon.



//**2.3 Army**//
When Muhammad ibn Nasr, the first Nasrid king, consolidated domains of the Kingdom of Granada, established the basic outline of what would be the army of the kingdom. The Kingdom of Granada was composed of two groups: the native and foreigner. The native was former by owners, who had many possessions and extensive dominions; lived comfortably, sometimes even luxury. The foreigner was made by the noble families who were forced to emigrate from the occupied territories by Christians; its members were forced to seek employment tribunal and lived bad when unreached. Ibn al- Ahmar enrolled in foreign army Granada; for which he was initially formed by two bodies of militia, a permanent employee, formed by the nobles and led by King, and another, the Muttavia hired temporary mercenaries for a particular company and where warriors all areas of enlisted life.

From the year 1264, from the Nasrid kingdom Tlemcen captained the first volunteers, so another regular volunteer militia formed by Berber and Moroccan exiles organized. In addition to these bodies, the Nasrid kings, recalling the custom of the Umayyad Cordoba and party kings of the 11th century, entrusted his bodyguard to a special body formed only by Christians, mostly Spanish, banished or fled from their land sometimes captives, Islamized or Elches.

//**2.4 Marine**//
Nasrid war fleet had its main base in the port of Almeria. However, the fleet was weak and it was used more in piracy along the coast of the Crown of Aragon in open warfare. The people of the Nasrid kingdom fans were little marina, as Ibn Khaldun as notice that said they were "foreigners at sea ".The nazarita´s armed was forced to employ mercenaries and bold adventurers almogávares sea, whose ideal was piracy.


 * ==**//Economy//**==

To enable their survival, the Emirate had to make a major effort to increase the sources of wealth and commercial through techniques by careful regulation of the use and distribution of water in Grenadines basins. Thus, these provided an abundance of vegetable and fruit products for both domestically and abroad, offsetting the deficit in cereals emirate sometimes had to import. The economy was complemented by livestock in mountainous areas, coastal fisheries, mineral resources southeast, as well as pottery and especially the textile crafts silk base of urban economic life and foreign trade.



**//3.1 Trade//**
One of the basic elements of the economy, was trade. Christian control of the [|Strait of Gibraltar] from de Battle of Salado in the year 1340 and the conquest of Algeciras (1344), encouraged trade between the Atlantic European and Mediterranean which Nasrid benefited greatly. Its ports became basic scales for traders, so that their products were opened to the markets: Catalan and especially Genoese.

Trade with the Maghred and North Africa achieved great influence, which then continue trading networks with the Crown of Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia and Mallorca. The Castilian controll of the Strait of Gibraltar appreciated the value of the Grenadian products, specially silk, sugar, nuts and anchovies. Thereafter trade with the Crown of Castile, specially with Sevilla adquired great importance. The export of [|silk], which had its main centers in Granada, Malaga, Velez-Malaga and Ronda, became one of the mains products of manufacturing and its importance was such that the Catholic Monarchs, after 1492 would established the "Rent Granada silk". Trade is also produced along the Granada land border.


 * ==//**Society**//==

When the Christian reconquest advanced, many [|Muslims] decided to flee south of the Iberian Peninsula. So, when they fell into Christian hands the reigns of Córdoba, Jaén, Seville and Murcia, some people decided to leave the Kingdom of Granada. The Jewish and Moorish minorities, had almost disappeared. However, as soon as the Kingdom of Granada was consolidated, Jews arrived, brought by the Christian merchants who established their consulates in major Grenadines populations. The presence of [|Mozarabs] was reduced to loose groups, political refugees and merchants, who were allowed to practice their religion in private.


 * ==//**Art**//==

The Nasrid art is the final stage of [|Hispano art]. It develops during the XIII, XIV and XV centuries, ranging from the Kingdom of Granada, to Barbary Domains and to Christians of the Iberian Peninsula, contributing to the emergence of [|Mudejar art]. The work that define the Nasrid dynasty from the years 1237 to 1492 is the //**[|Alhambra.]**//

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= = =//**Voki**//=

[|Muhammad I] media type="custom" key="27360388" align="left"

= = = = = = [|Ferdinand of Aragon] media type="custom" key="27360470" align="left" = = = = = =

= = = //** Prezi **// = [|The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada] media type="prezi" key="h20" width="667" height="488" =//**Interview**//=

//Here there is an interview between Boabdil and a Journalist. They talk about the live of Boabdil, the conquest of Granada and more things that are very interesting.//

My mother is called Aixa, she helped me with the support of the Abencerrajes to be in the throne of Granada. She acompanied me to Fez in the year 1493. from Granada), with the only condition of came out at night to prevented riots.
 * Journalist**: Hello, I want to know a lot of things of you because I´m very interesting in your life and the things you do, so could I ask you some questions?
 * Boabdil**: Yes, of course. I like people to ask me questions.
 * Journalist**: Ok, thanks. The first question I want to ask you is that I heard that the Aragoneses and the Castilians called you “El Chico” isn´t it?
 * Boabdil**: That’s true, but they don´t call me like these because of my size. Is because of my age compared with my father and my uncle. I am very young.
 * Journalist**: Ohh, that´s great. I just started the interview and I have learn something new. Could you tell me something about your family?
 * Boabdil**: My father is called Muley Hacén, he acceded to the throne in the year 1464. He ecaped from Granada with his brother "El Zagal" to combated with me. In the year 1485 he proclaimed heir to his brother. He died in that year in the Castle Mondujar.
 * Journalist**: What happened to you in the Battle of Martín González in Cordoba?
 * Boabdil**: In that Battle I was arrested by the Catholic Monarch. My liberation meant giving to Castille the territories conquered bu my uncle, favouring the penetration of the Castilians troops.
 * Journalist:** Ok, its very interesting to listen to you, my next question is why did the Catholic Monarch conquered Granada?
 * Boabdil:** They conquered the city as a punishment because my Kingdom didn´t paid all the taxes that were demanding.
 * Journalist**: Thanks, I will continue with a few more questions,the next one is about the conquest of Granada, could you tell me your feelings and your experience at the moment you gave the keys to the Catholic Monarch?
 * Boabdil**: Some days before the conquest of the city, I decided to not gave up so easy because there was still hope. But Isabel and Ferdinand created a camp in front of Granada building houses and stores. They called it “Campamento de Santa Fe”. The Catholic Monarch showed me that they wanted to conquered the city anyway. So I didn´t have any other decision. The 2nd of January of 1492 the Catholic Monarch entered in the city and I gave them the keys. At that moment I was very sad. And my people and I went from Granada. I looked back crying to contemplate for last time Granada. And my mother said: "Weep like a women what you could not defend like a man".
 * Journalist**: Ohh, I am sorry, but I am sure that you fought hard. What did you do after the conquest of the city?
 * Boabdil**: Instead of going from Granada, I locked in my palace and waited for the new Christian authorities to gave me the permission to leave. In late February, they let me took what I wanted to my fiefdom of the Alpujarras (about 120 km
 * Journalist**: I didn´t knew that. We have reached to the end of the interview. I hope you had spent a good time reviewing the most important events of your life. Thanks you.

=//**Advertisment**//= //Here you can see an advertisment about the new and better weapons//

[|New and better weapons] media type="custom" key="27604302"

=//**Personal Article**//=

In my opinion, the Nasrid kingdom of Granada was a very interesting and important event that ocurred during the Middle Ages, as it was the end of the reconquest and from that moment on, all the Iberian Peninsula was christian. Personally, I think that Boabdil didn´t fought enoguht and he surrendered very soon that´s why the Catholic Monarch conquered it.

=//**Personal Choice: Comic**//=


 * [|Comic about the Nasrid Kingdom]**