Miguel+Ángel+Gómez+Benito+3ºD

= = **Official country name:** =**Location:**=
 * __My Country Facts __**
 * Year that country joined the UN: **

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Mongolia, also known as "Outer Mongolian". South, Inner Mongolia, is a Chinese autonomous region.. =__**People:**__= =**1.What are the people of the country called?**= The people born in Mongolia are called Mongolian. The Mongolian People consists of Mongolians (86%), Kazaks (2%), Chinese (2%), Russians (2%), and other smaller ethnic groups. Kazak language is spoken by 5% of the population.

**2.What is the official language?What other languages do people speak?**
The official language of Mongolia is the Mongol, a member of the family of Ural-Altaic languages (such as Hungarian, filandes, Turkish, Kazak, Uzbek, Korean). Since 1944, the Russian Cyrillic alphabet + two-character used to write the Mongolian language. The other languages spoken in Mongolia are the Russian, English, German, Japanese and Chinese.

**3.What is the most-practiced religion?**
The country's main religion is the Tibetan Buddhism, along with Bhutan being the only independent nations where this religion is predominant. Tibetan Buddhism is Buddhism that developed in the Himalayas. This form of Buddhism is followed by 6% of all budistas. Tibetan Buddhism is the mayority in Mongolia, Bhutan, Ladakh (India) and Tibet. Basically, this form of Buddhism is the predominant religion of the Mongolian and Tibetan peoples, all of which recognize the Dalai Lama as a Bodhisattva and therefore respect him as a high spiritual teacher. In the classical division of Buddhism between monks and lay Tibetan lamas represent a figure with not only religious significance but were the center of social and economic life of Tibet. Tibetan Buddhism is the majority religion (53% of the population), shamanism (2%), Christianity (3%), Islam (3%). =__**Flag:**__= =**Draw the flag and describe the meaning of its symbols and colours.**= The flag of Mongolia was adopted on February 12, 1992, after Mongolia's transition to democracy. It consists of three equal stripes, alternating red, blue and red, the national symbol soyombo focusing first band in yellow. The blue band represents the eternal blue sky, while red side bands represent the ability of Mongolia to thrive in their harsh environment. The Soyombo symbol has appeared on the national flag of Mongolia since 1911. He served as coat of arms of Mongolia from 1924 to 1940, and was included in the design 1992. It had served as a symbol of independence of Mongolia since. =__**Government:**__= =1. Is it a democratic or a non-democratic state?= It is a democratric state, Mongolia have a parliamentary republic gathered in the Constitution 1992. =2. What is the name of the leader of the country?= President Elbegdorj Tsakhiagiin From: June 18, 2013 Duration of office: four years Upcoming presidential elections in May 2017
 * The three tongues of flame on the crest symbolize the glories of the past, present and future.
 * The sun and the moon represents the heavens. The Mongols have always worshiped the blue sky, the sun and moon.
 * The triangle below symbolizes a family, a father, a mother and child: the home of a nation.
 * The ring under triangle symbolizes the four cardinal points of the compass.
 * The yin-yang, represented in the center, symbolizing the mutual complement of man and woman.
 * The lower triangle represents heaven, earth and water: the kingdoms of all living creatures.
 * The two vertical quadrilaterals, bordering both sides, are the pillars of the state.

First Minister: Norovyn Altankhuyag From: August 10, 2012 Duration of office: four years Upcoming elections in August 2016

=3.What type of government is the country ruled by ?= The type of government that exist in Mongolia nowdays is a parliamentary republic. A republic is an independent institutional system where their main bases are: -The periodicity charges -The publicity of government acts: the state secrets is not possible -The responsibility of politicians and civil servants -The separation between the powers and control -The sovereignty of the law -The exercise of citizenship, who puts and deposes -The practice of respect, not intolerance, with opposing ideas -Equality before the law -The suitability as a condition of access to public office =4. Is there a separation of powers? Which institution/person is in charge of each of the powers?= The 1992 Constitution states that Mongolia is a parliamentary republic with an executive power, a judicial power and a legislative power. The Prime Minister holds the executive power, being in charge of a maximum of four years of domestic and foreign policy. The judiciary is governed by the Supreme Court of Mongolia, controlling the judicial independence of the General Council of Courts. It is exercised by the Mongolian State Great Hural, assembly composed of 76 members elected for four years by universal suffrage. The main functions of the camera is to ratify the election of the President and elect the Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The President has the right to vote but this can be overridden by a two-thirds majority. President of State Great Hural: Zandaak H. Enkhbold From: September 1, 2012 Term of office: four years Upcoming elections in september 2016. =5.What are the main political parties of the country (socialist party, communist party, green party, republicans, democrats, etc.)? Describe briefly their ideas.= =4.Was your country ever a colony? If so, when did it gain its independence?= The phases in which Mongolia passed to finally get the imdependence of China. 1650: The Qing Dynasty controls Mongolia 1911: Proclamation of the independence of Mongolia led by Bogd Gegen 1919: Return of the Chinese in Mongolia 1921: the communist revolution in Mongolia 1937: Purges anti-religious 1961: Entry of Mongolia UN 1990: From communism to capitalism, the major transition in Mongolia
 * Executive power:**
 * Judicial Power:**
 * Legislative power:**
 * People's Revolutionary Party (MRP):** Government, established in 1921 as Mongolian People's Party. Initially communist single party to the nineties, today is autoconsidera social democrat.
 * Democratic Party (MDP)** opposition, founded in 1990 from the Association Mongolian Democratic first non-communist political organization. In 1992 he joined with other parties to form the Democratic Party National. Renovated in January 2000 with members of the coalition Democratic Alliance and the National Democratic Party dissidents.
 * National Democratic Party (MDP)** founded in 1992, after the union Democratic party, the National Progress Party, the party of the Renewal and Union party.
 * Civil Party Value ("Zorig"):** Founded in March 2000 by dissidents National Democratic Party.
 * New Social Democratic Party**: Founded in 2000 by dissidents Social Democratic Party (MSDP).
 * Social Democratic Party (MSDP):** Founded in 1990, the political wing of the movement Democratic Socialist member of the Socialist International.
 * Democratic Neosocialist Party:** founded in 1998, joined the party Workers of 1999.

The collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911 will be used by Mongolia to proclaim their independence. Moreover, then they gave the conditions for Mongolia establish a strong partnership with its other powerful neighbor, the USSR: the presence in the Siberian Mongolian border the remains of the White armies. From this takeover in July 1921, the Mongolian History knows a good evolution that follows three stages:

-The First stage extends from 1921 to November 1924, in which the first institutions of the Mongolian Republic are created and dialectical confrontation between supporters of making a social revolution arises, modeled after the Bolshevik Revolution, and supporters to follow a moderate political line, considering that the previous use of Soviet aid was only aimed to secure the independence of Mongolia and not a transformation of the social order. Despite this disagreement, the political class gets adopted in 1924 the first constitution of the country, establishing a republican regime and a non-capitalist path of development, difficult to combine with the alliance with the USSR in foreign policy.

-The Second stage takes place between November 1924 and the year 1940 and is characterized by political and social instability. Indeed, an alternation of Conservative governments, and some leftist governments trying to impose in Mongolia Soviet colectivizadota experience with the same coercive methods occurs. The speed with which the leftist government tries to establish socialism created social unrest in the country and caused the outbreak of a social uprising in the spring of 1932. Then Choibalsan takes all the power alone, that will hold him until 1952, and decides to adopt a moderate and stable political line, so that henceforth the government's efforts to promote livestock development with various practical measures would be directed, reduce the tax burden on the people, promote the excavation of wells and opening veins mining, etc .. This new policy led to a considerable growth of livestock production and mining in the country, while national reconciliation made possible. They also have to face between May and August 1939 a military confrontation against a Japanese army, which is situated on the eastern border of the country in order to invade. Finally, the Mongolian army, supported by a Soviet expeditionary force, was to surround and annihilate the Japanese army corps in the Khalkhin Gol River.

And the third stage runs from 1940 until 1960. At this stage, Mongolia in order to replace the previous policy of "non-capitalist development" the other truly socialist is set, but this time collectivization would be done with incitativos and methods not coercive, as happened with the leftist experience 1.929 1933. This strategy was successful, as 1,960 to almost all individual farmers of the country and had joined collectivization, while livestock production and mining items was important enough to support the creation of a modern industry. On the other hand, Mongolia is at this stage of gain recognition in the international community, and after that sovereignty is recognized by China in 1945. However, Mongolia achieved not until 1961 that the UN in its bosom admitted as a full member.

=__**Population:**__=

=1. How many inhabitants does the country have?= Mongolia ends 2014 with a population of 2,925,000 people, an increase of 43,000 compared to 2013. Mongolia is ranked 138 of the 196 states that make up the world population chart. In 2013, the female population was majority, with 1,432,561 women, representing 50.46% of the total, compared to 1,406,512 men are 49.54%. Mongolia is the country with the lowest population density in the world, with 2 inhabitants per km2. =2. Population density= The population density of Mongolia is about 2.0 of habitant per kilometer square. In my personal opinion I think that it is have a very low population density. =3. Birth Rate. Reasons= The birth rate of Mongolia is 20.8% and the total fertility rate is 2.22%. In Mongolia's population it is so poor that the Government pays its citizens to have offspring. The fact that many people are no longer, added that now also have as many children as before. Women who have six or more children in Mongolia receive a medal of the First Order of Glorious Motherhood Government as well as a pay 200,000 togrog (about $ 154), equivalent to a month's salary of an industrial worker. With four children the honor of belonging to the Second Order of Glorious Motherhood Tug 100,000 ($ 77) is achieved. In some cases it is an annual payment, but usually it pays quarterly. Since these incentives were launched more than 129,000 women have achieved these distinctions Mongolia, although it should be noted that the policy has been stopped and restarted several times. =4. Death Rate. Reasons= The mortality rate in Mongolia in 2013 dropped compared to 2012, reaching 6.78 ‰, ie 6.78 deaths per thousand inhabitants In my opinion it have low mortality rate I think that Mongolia have low mortality rate because it has good nutrition, good healthcare, have retirement that allows them to have a better quality of life and the state provides services and cares for the old people. =5. Natural Growth. Reasons= The annual population natura growth in Mongolia in the year 2014 is about 1.37%. Also more facts about the populations are: Life expectancy at birth: 66 years, Life expectancy at birth, men: 64 years, Life expectancy at birth, female: 68 years, Crude birth rate: 21 births per 1000 inhabitants, Crude mortality rate 7 deaths per 1000 inhabitants, Women couple aged 15-49 using contraception: 69%, Maternal mortality: 110 per 100,000 live births, Mortality in children under 1 year: 41 per 1,000 live births =6. How do migrations affect your country?= Mongolia has a negative net migration rate ie an excess of persons leaving the country tha is a -0.85. A net migration is the net total of migrants during the period: the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including citizens and non-citizens. The data are estimates of five years. Also this net migrations it have very bad consequences because the country will be older, also if all the young people left the country the economy will not be very good in the future.

=__**Migrations:**__=

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=1.Where is the country?= It is located in central Asia. It is a landlocked country. Its surface is 1 564 116 km². Geographic coordinates: 46º 00 'North, 105 ° 00' East. Located between Russia and China, the territory of Mongolia is one of the highest in the land, with an average altitude of 1,585 meters, has no outlet to the sea, the central region of Mongolia mainly consists of relatively flat steppes. The South fraction of the country is located in the Gobi Desert, while the northern and western areas are mountainous character. The highest point of Mongolia is Nayramadlin Orgil, with 4,374 meters located in the Altai Mountains.



=2.What other nations border the country?= Mongolia shares 3,485 kilometers of border with Russia to north and 4,677 kilometers of borders with People´s Republic of China to the south, which is the total of about 8,220 kilometers of borders. =3.What kind of landscape does the country have? Positive and negative things of it.= The relief of Mongolia consists mainly of a plateau of between 914 and 1,524 m altitude, interrupted by mountain ranges in the north and west. The Altai Mountains in the southwest, reaches 4,620 m. The Gobi desert covers a wide and arid expanse in central and southeast areas. The most important rivers are the Selenga and its tributary, the Orkhon, in the north. Among the biggest lakes include the Har Us, the Hiargas, the Uvs and Hövsgöl. Despite the poverty of vegetation, the vegetation provides enough food for sheep, goats and camels. South western grasslands were the habitat of Przewalski's horse, which no longer exists in nature. Mongolia has forests of pine and cedar with little economic importance in the mountains. Rodents, especially marmots and squirrels are abundant and their skin is used for making clothes, so the country has developed an important fur industry. The rich grasslands of northeast and northwest maintain large herds of cattle, sheep and goats. The autonomous region is basically in the highlands and most of it is over 1,000 meters above sea level. Inner Mongolia Plateau is the second highest among the four plateaus over China. The region also has mountainous terrain, hills, plains, deserts, rivers and lakes. Forests, grasslands and croplands. The cultivated land area is 7.224 million hectares, accounting for 6.11% of the national total; grassland surface, 86.667 million hectares, 73.3% of the total; and the forest area, 18.667 million hectares, 15.8% of the national total. =4.What kind of climate does it have? Pros and cons of the climate.= Desert, continental (large daily temperature variations) .The continental climate of Mongolia is very extreme, with temperatures ranging between -15 and -30 ° C in winter and 10 and 26.7 ° C in summer. Winters are dry and summer rainfall barely exceeds 380 mm in the mountains and 125 mm. In the desert. Month = || January || February || March || April || May || June || July || Agoust || Septembre || October || November || December || =__**Economy:**__= =1.What is the most common sector of employment in the country?= Mongolia's economy is centered on agriculture and mining. Mongolia has rich mineral resources, and copper, coal, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production. The majority of the population outside urban areas participates in subsistence farming, livestock typically consists of sheep, goats, cows, horses and Bactrian camels. Agricultural crops are wheat, barley, potatoes, vegetables, tomatoes, watermelon, sea buckthorn and fodder crops =2.What is the unemployment rate of your country (by percentage)?= Unemployment (% of total labor force) in Mongolia from 1991 to 2013. The average value for Mongolia during this period was 6.16% of the total workforce with at least 4.8% of the total workforce in 2011, up 7.3% of the total labor force in 1995. the last year this figure was record in 2013 and was a 4.9. Unemployment is the proportion of the working population is unemployed but seeking work and available to do so. =3.What is the percentage of contribution of its sectors?= The mining sector was 28% The agriculture sector especially cattle ranching was 26% The industry sector was 8% The energy sector was 10% and 18% of others. Mining is the sector that produce more money in Mongolia =4. Energy: production/consumption; exports/imports=
 * Relief:**
 * Vegetation:**
 * Hydrography:**
 * Tmin ºC || -32 || -29 || -22 || -8 || -2 || 7 || 11 || 8 || 2 || -8 || -20 || -28 ||
 * Tmax ºC || -19 || -13 || -4 || 7 || 13 || 21 || 22 || 21 || 14 || 6 || -6 || 16 ||
 * MAIN EXPORTS || PORCENTAGE ||
 * MINERALS || 88.00 ||
 * TEXTILE || 7.0 ||
 * OTHER || 5.0 ||


 * MAIN IMPORTS || PORCENTAGE ||
 * INDUSTRIALS GOOD || 24.00 ||
 * PETROL || 21.00 ||
 * CONSUMER GOODS || 12.00 ||
 * FOOD GOODS || 3.0 ||
 * OTHERS || 40.00 ||


 * MAIN CUSTOMERS || % OF THE TOTAL || MAIN SUPPLIERS || % OF THE TOTAL ||
 * China || 47,2 || Russia || 45.9 ||
 * USA || 26.9 || China || 16.9 ||
 * Russia || 9.0 || South Korea || 10.2 ||
 * United Kingdom || 2.9 || Germany || 5.4 ||
 * Japan || 2.2 || Japan || 5.3 ||

=__**Domestic Policy and Foreign Policy:**__=

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