My+Country+Facts

//__MY COUNTRY FACTS OF AUSTRALIA.__//


 * ==//__CONTEN__////__TS:These are going to be the contents in wich Im going to talk about Australia.I hope you will enjoy a lot¡¡¡__//==
 * 1) === __General Information.__ ===
 * 2) **__People.__**
 * 3) **__Flag.__**
 * 4) **__Goverment.__**
 * 5) **__Population.__**
 * 6) **__Migrations.__**
 * 7) **__Geography.__**
 * 8) **__Economy.__**
 * 9) **__Domestic Policy.__**
 * 10) **__Foreign Policy.__**

= **__1. GENERAL INFORMATION:__** = media type="youtube" key="quNdaS895gE" width="560" height="315" = = =2.PEOPLE:= media type="youtube" key="bpAS5f4TjNw" width="560" height="315"
 * ====The official name of the country is the Commonwealth of Australia.Thanks to Claudio Ptlomeo that was known as a mathematician, astronomer, greographer, astrologer and a poet, the territory of Australia was unknown and he decided to called those territories the Terra Australia Incognita that means the unknown southern land.This inspired a route of navegation of famous explorers like James Cook ans Louis Antoine De Bougainville that navegated to find this lands and colonized them by the British Crown.====
 * ====Australia is located in the contient of Oceania and its geographical coordinates are 2700 S and 13300 E.This variables tell us the latitude and altitud of Australia in a map.====
 * ====Australia was joined to the UN in the year 1945.====
 * ====Here is a video about the geography of Australia:====
 * ==== The people who live in Australia are simply called Australians.And the indigenous people of Australia are known as the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders.The English is the official language of Australia and it is also called The english of the Australians .Some investigators said that in 2001 the 80% of the people speak english for communicate.They speak also other languages like the chinese, the greek and the italian thanks to strongbmigrations that has sufferbAustralia and only the 0,5% of the total population of Australia speak spanish.Other important fact about people is about the religion that people believe in spain.The most practiced religion is Christianism with a 61% of the total population later it goes Buddhism with an 2,5%, then Islamism with a 2,2% ,after this it goes Hinduism with a 1.3% and there are other religions that are no so famous and make the 2.1% and the rest of the peole they don´t believe nothing that is a 22.3% of the total population of Australia. ====
 * ====Here it is a video that talks a little bit of the Aboriginal people of Australia:====

=3.FLAG:=


 * ====The flag of the Commonwealth of Australia is composed of a blue background, with the Union Jack(the flag on the United Kingdom) in the canton.Under it, a white seven-pointed star known as the Commonwealth Star is located.The six stars represents the six original states and seventh points for the territories and future states of Australia.In the outer half of the falg there are four white stars of equal size of seven points and one of five points organized exactly as the appear in the constellation of the southern cross.====

=4.GOVERMENT:=
 * ====Australia is a democratic country.It takes place of a federal constitutional parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy.Australians elect parliamentarians to the federal parliament of Australia so this means in other words that is compulsory citizens to vote for their representatives.This was created in the year 1901 when six former British colonies agreed to join together.====
 * ====The name of the leader of the country is then Queen Elizabeth II of Australia and she is the head of the state.She is recognized as the governor-general that represents Australia but as Australia is a democratic goverment she dont have all the power because the citizens hold sovereignty by voting their representatives in goverment.====
 * ====Australia is a federation, a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy so this means that Australia has a queen, who resides in the United Kingdom and is represented in Australia by a governor-general.Is governed by a ministry headed by the Prime Minister, which must have a majority of steats in the House of Representatives and has eight State and territory parliaments.====
 * ====In Australia it is a separation of powers that is the basic principle of the political systems of modern democracies, they parliamentary systems or federal republic such us the United States.In the executive power that is in charge of applies the laws and governs for example control internal order, it directs domestic policy and foreign policy and defends the territory from external agressions.This power is in charge of the ministry.Then the legislative power that proposes and approves the laws which must be obeyed by everyone living within the borders of the state and this power is exercised by the parliament.Later the judicial power that judges for example it resolves any cases in which the law is not obeyed and any conflict which may arise in the interpretation and application of the law and this power is exercised by the judges.====
 * ====Australia has two party systems, with two dominant political groups in the Australian political system.First the Australian labor party that is a centre-left party which is formally linked to the Australian labour movement that was formed in 1893 and it has been a major party federally since 1901.Then the liberal party is a centre-right and conservative party and was formed the year 1909.This is joined to the national party that seeks to represent rurale interest especially agricultural ones.Federally these parties are collectively known as the Coalition that has existed continually since 1923.Other political parties are the Australian Greens is a left-wing and environmentalist party generally achiving between 7% or 13% of votes.The Animal justice party that talks about animal right and the 21st century Australian party that talks about tax reform and political reform.====
 * ====Australia was a colony formed by six british colonies that now are the six states that form Australia and this was from the year 1788 when it started the british settelements to the year 1901 when Australia gets its independence.The first fleet arrived at Botany Bay in january to establish a penal colony.The indigenous Australians were greatly weakened and the gold rushes and agricultural industries brought prosperity.Then the six former colonies voted by a referendum to join in a federation in 1901 and modern Australia come into being.====

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=5.POPULATION:=

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=6.MIGRATIONS:=
 * ====Since year 1945 more than 7 millions of people have come to Australia as new settlers.Most of the immigrants comes from Europe and Asia.For having a nice summer, for work reasons, and from learn about this country and its culture.====
 * ====The number of emigrants had increased by 28% in the past decade with 508.662 people moving to Australia and 264.291 leaving it.British people continue to make p the largest portion of Australia born population and mostly of the go to England to return their homes.Between the year 2005 and the year 2010 nearly 30.000 british people decided to leave Australia.====
 * ====In 1966, the First Holt Ministry amended the act by the "Migration Act 1966" which released the restrictions that had blocked the entry of non-europeans migrants for 65 years and it is other called "The Migration Act 1958" which refers its long title to the act relating to the entry and presence in Australia of Aliens.====
 * ====The Migrations Institute of Australia(MIA) is in charge of migrants.It is an Australian goverment authority that registers migrations agents and regulates the migrations agents profession.====
 * ====Some problems connected to migrations are because its geographic situation.It is a very long distance and this in a disatvantage for many people that migrate leaving their friends and families.Other disatvantages are that its a very expensive flight and its to large .====

=7.GEOGRAPHY:=

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=8.ECONOMY:=


 * ====The health care and social services sectors now employ more people tan any other industry in Australia.Results from Australia census released by the Australian bureau statistics show 11.6% of Australian people are working in health care and community services.====
 * ====In Australia the unemployment rate measures the number of people looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force.In november of 2015 it was an unemployment rate of of 6.2% of the people but it remained unchanged during the months of september of thsame year until now.The unemployment rate from the year 1978 until the 2015 is an average of 6.9%.====
 * ====The percentage of each sector is a 3.7% of agricultura such as wheat ,barley,sugar fruits,cattle,sheep,etc...Then a 28.9% of industries like minings industrial and transportation equipment etc...Finally services contribute a 67.4% been the most contributed sector in Australia.====
 * ====In Australia it is a household consumption percentage of 55.7% and a percentage goverment consumption of 18%.In Australia the percentage of exports of good and services is a 21.3% and the percentage of imports is 21.8%.Australia has spend in imports 245.9 billions of Australian money and 250.8 billions in exports.Australian exports partners are China, Japan, South Korea and the U.S.A and for imports China,U.S.A, Japan,South Korea, Singapore, Germany, Malaysia and Thailand.====

=9.DOMESTIC POLICY:=


 * ====The Australian domestic policies issues are divided in five sections.The first one is social policy division which provides advice and support to the prime minister and to the parliamentary secretaries on education, health, social services ,inmmigrations arts,sports ,women policy and in disaster recovery assistance.The second is the industry ,infrastructure, and environmental division that advises on matters relating to industry .The third is the economic divison that provides advice on a range of economic issues affecting Australia .Then the office best practice regulation that promotes effective and efficient regulation by administring the Australian goverments best practice regulations requirements and the council of Australian best practice regulations requirements .Finally the regulatory reform division that provides a whole of goverment fows on the regulatory reform agenda, to assist the goverment in delivering its commitment to reduce unnecessary regulation on individuals.====
 * ====The Australian health care system provides universal access to a comprehensive range of services, largely publicy funded through taxation.Medicine was introduced in 1984 and covers universal access to free treatment in public hospitals and subsidies for medical services.Health in Australia is strong and also its life long expectancy.====
 * ====The main policies of the education are school management which includes student attendance policy and procedures ,curriculum and education programs.Later safety and welfare which includes the duty of care for studentss and security and school safety and security.Then human resources that includes equality and diversity, human resource managementand employed housing and leave management.After that it is finance and administration that includes buildings and infrastructure and financial management.And finally corporate management which includes director general statement,communication,marketing,promotional activities,copyright and intellectual property.====
 * ====A feature of the Australian federal system is that the commonwealth goverment collects all income tax from individuals as well as from enterprises .It also collects a portion of other taxes including taxes on the provition of goods and services .In 2013-2014 taxes on income represented a 57% of the total taxation revenue and taxes on provision of good and services a 24%.====
 * ====The total Australian debt is of 5.544.028.995.175 and is going more and more up.The total goverment debt is aproximately of 714.980.000.000 and the National goverment is aproximately of 429.500.000.000 and the state and local goverment debt is aproximately of 295.000.000.000.Australian debt was growing slowly from the 1990 to 2004 then it started to increased rapidly until the year 2010 and nowadays is more stable but is increasing.====

=10.FOREIGN POLICY:=


 * ====The main foreign policies of Australia are the ANZUS:Is an alliance with the United States and New Zealand is the cornerstone of Australias defence.The foreign aid: Australian foreign aid has been falling in recent years ,currently sitting at 1.2% of GDP.Trade: Trade has always been the most important foreign policy.Treaties:Australia is a signatory to a large number of international agreements and treaties,many with the UN.Department of foreign affair and trade(DFAT):This is one of the most important departments in the Australian public service .A prestigious ministry always held by a senior member of the goverment,DFAT relationship with its minister and the prime minister is important to understand how foreign policy is developed.====
 * ==== The are the main conflicts that haved affected Australia: ====
 * 1) ====The Second Boer War:Between1899-1902.Australia was against south Africa and the Orange free state .There was a brithish victory and the treaty of Vereenniging.====
 * 2) ====First World War:Between1914-1918.Australia was against Germany ,Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Turks.Was an allied victory and was the end of the Germany,Russian,Ottomans and Astro-Hungarian empires.This maked new countries in Europe and the formation of the League of Nations.====
 * 3) ====Russian Civil War(part of the the first World War):Between 1917-1923.Australia was against the Bolshevik party,Soviet Union and Russian SFR .The victory was for the red army in Russia ,Ukraine ,Belarus,South Caucasus,Central Asia,Tuva and Mongolia.====
 * 4) ====Second World War:Between 1939-1945.Australia was against Germany,Japan,Italy,Hugary,Romania,Bulgaria and Thailand.Allied Victory, collapse of the third rich ,fall of the Japonese and Italian empires,creation of the United Nations,emergence of the United States and the soviet union powers and the beginning of the cold war.====
 * 5) ====Korean War(part of the cold war):Between 1950-1953.Australia was against north Korea ,peoples republic of China.North Korea invaded south korea and repelled them,United nations invaded North Korea and repelled them,Chinese,North Korea-Soviet Union invasion of South Korea and repelled themand finally the Korean armistice agreement signed and Korean demilitarized zone established.====
 * 6) ====Malayan Emergency(part of the British descolonization and cold war):Between 1950-1960.Australia against the MCP and MNLA.British CommonWealth victory.====
 * 7) ====Indonesian Confrontation:Between 1963-1966.Australia against Indonesia.Sulranto replaced Sukarno as the supreme commander of the Indonesian armed forces ,CommonWealth victory,diplomatic relationship,peace treaty and Indonesian accepts the formation of Malaysia. ====
 * 8) ====Vietnam War(part of the Indonesian war and the cold war):Between 1962-1973.Australia against north vietnam forces ,NLF,Khmer Rouge and North Korea.Defeat.Withdrawal of American-led forces,communist powers or goverment take power in South Vietnam,Laos and Cambodia.South Vietnam annexed by North Vietnam.====
 * 9) ====First Gulf War:Between 1990-1991.Australia against Iraq.Decisive Coalition victory.Heavy destructions of Iraqui and Kuwaiti infrastructure, establishment of Iraqui no-fly zones and Iraqui withdrawal from Kuwait,Emir Jaber II restored.====
 * 10) ====Iraq War( part of global war on terrorism):Between 2003-2009.Australia against Iraq insurgent groups .Victory of Australia.Invasion and occupation of Iraq, emergence of Al-Qaeda in Iraq and war, establishment of democratic elections,forces from Iraq resurgence Islamic State of Iraq , the succesor of Al-Qaeda in Iraq.====

Second Boer War First World War Russian Civil War Second World War Korean War

Malayan Emergency Indonesian Confrontation Vietam War First Gulf War Iraq War


 * ====These are the main conflicts that affect Australia nowadays:====
 * 1) ====Afghanistan War(part of the goblal war on terrorism):From the 2001 to nowadays.Australia against Taliban ,Al-Qaeda and more insurgent groups.Defeat of the Talisban goverment in Afghanistan,fall of the Islamic emirate of Afghanistan,destruction of Al-Qaeda camps,Osama Bin Laden killed,establishment of new Afghan goverment and Afghan National Army,Taliban insurgencyand war in north-west Pakistan.====
 * 2) ====Military intervention against ISIL(part of the global war on terrorism).From the 2014 to nowadays.Australia against the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant(ISIL).U.S.A,French,United Kingdom,Belgium,Canadien,Australian,and Dutch airstrikes on ISIL position in Iraq, multionational humanitarian and arming of ground forces effort and coalition advising and training ground forces.====

The Afghanistan War ISIL



 * In recent years Australia has a 1.80% of Military expenditures more.The budget for overseas military operations is nearly 2 billion over the next three years, taking the total spent on foreign wars to more than 16.6 billion since 1999 intervention in estimos.The capital expenditure will grow rapidly to 11 billions in 2018-2019.Among the acquisitions will be:advanced fifts-generatio jount strikes fighters,new patrol;surveillance and transport aircraft; new body armour and advance technology to counter improvised explosive devices;and replacements for the ANZAC clan frigutes and the Collin Class Submarine.
 * ====This is an image of the Collin Class Submarine:====