Wiktoria+Rolewicz+(2ºF)

toc =Code of Conduct=


 * 1) I will not put __images__ or __videos__ that I would __not show to my parents.__
 * 2) I will not enter in __ilegal websites.__
 * 3) I will not put __images or videos from other people__ without permission.
 * 4) I will not look for __ilegal videos or images.__
 * 5) I will use the Internet with a __good objective.__
 * 6) I will __not add stranger people__ in my contact list.
 * 7) I will __not talk with stranger people.__
 * 8) I will __not add personal information__ to my personal profiles.
 * 9) I will __warn to adults about abuses__ or strange situations.
 * 10) I will __not abuse__ friends or stranger people.


 * __**I, Wiktoria Rolewicz, promise to follow these rules whenever I use the Internet so that I can make the Internet a better place for everyone.**__

=__**The first circumnavigation**__= I am going to do my project about the first circumnavigation.

1. The Earth before the circumnavigation.
Before the first circumnavigation the people, there was a myth that said the Earth was flat. Anyone had explored around the world and people knew few about the Earth.



People didn't want to explore because they thought they could fall and disappear or that monster could attack them. Moreover, people in Europe was occupied conquering territories in Europe, Asia and Africa.

2. First expeditions
Christopher Columbus was the first person that decided to explore aroung the world from the Crown of Castile to India because he was looking fot the spices land. In october 12, 1492, he reached a new continent that Europeans didn't know about it, America. He thought that he had reached India and demostrated that the world was round, but he didn't.

3. THE REAL FIRST CIRCUMNAVIGATION
The first circumnavigation was supported by the Crown of Castile. It was commanded by Ferdinand Magellan.

__Ferdinand Magellan__
He was born in Portugal in 1480. He studied mapmaking and navigation. He studied at Queen Leonora's School of pages in Lisbon and spent his days poring over texts on cartography, astronomy, and celestial navigation. In 1505 he joined a Portuguese fleet that was saling to East Africa. By 1509, he found himself at the Batlle of Diu, in which the Portuguese destroyed Egyptian ships in the Arabian Sea. Two years later, he explored Malacca, located in present-day Malaysia. It was there that he acquired a native servant he named Enrique. It is possible that Magellan sailed as far as Moluccas, then called the Spice Islands. In 1517; Magellan moved to Seville, Spain; to offer his skills to the Spanish court. The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) declared all newly discovered and yet to be discovered territories east os the demarcation line were given to Portugal and all territories west of the line were given to Spain. Magellan believed that he could find a shorter route to the Spice Islands by sailing west, across the Atlantic Ocean, aroud South America and acroos the Pacific. He died in Philippines the 27 of April 1521, while he was in the first circumnavigation exploration.

media type="custom" key="27304068"

__The voyage__
The trip lasted from the 10th August 1519 to the 6th September 1522. In October 1517 in Seville, Magellan contacted Juan de Aranda, Factor od the Casa de Contratación. Following the arrival of his partner Rui Faleiro, and with the support of Aranda, they presented their project to the Spanish king, Charles I, future Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Magellan's project would realize Columbus' plan of a Spice route by sailing west without damaging relations with the Portuguese. The idea was in tune with the times and had already been discussed after Balboa's discovery of the Pacific.On 22 March 1518 the king named Magellan and Faleiro captains so that they could travel in search of the Spices Land. The king granted them: - Be the governors of the islands found. - A fifth of the gains of the travel. - The right to levy one thounsand ducats on upcoming trips. - Granting of an island for each one, apart from the six richest, from which they would receive a fifteenth.

The Ships.
The fleet provided by the King were: - The Trinidad: a caravel commanded by Magellan. It had 110 tones and a crew of 55 people. - Four Naos: The San Antonio: commanded by Juan de Cartagena. It had 120 tones and a crew of 60 people. The Concepción: commanded by Gaspar de Quesada. It had 90 tones and a crew of 45 people. The Santiago: commanded by Juan Serrano. It had 75 tones and a crew of 32 people. The Victoria: commanded by Luis Mendoza. It had 85 tones and a crewof 43 people.

The crew.
The crew included 270 men from Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Greece, England and France. The most important people were: Duarte Barbosa, Magellan's brother-in-law; Joao Serrao, Francisco Serrao's relative; Estevao Gomes; Enrique of Malacca; Juan Sebastián ElCano, a Spanish merchantship captain settled in Seville; Antonio Pigafetta, a Venetian schoolar and traveller. Juan de Cartageña was named General Inspector of the Expedition.

Croosing the Atlantic
On 10 August 1519, the five ships under Magellan's command left Seville and descended the Guadalquivir River to Sanlúcar de Barrameda. After croosing the Canary Islands, Magellan and its fleet arrived at Cape Verde. On 27 November they crossed the equator. As Brazil was portuguese territory, Magellan avoided it. On 13 December, they anchored near present-day Rio de Janeiro, where the crew was resupplied, but bad conditions caused them to delay. Afterwards, they continued to sail south along the South American coats looking for a strait to pass to the Pacific Ocean. On 10 January 1520, they reached Rio de la Plata. For overwintering, Magellan established a settlement on March 30, 1520. On 1 and 2 April, a mutiny broke out involving three of the five ship captains. Luis de Mendoza, the captain of the Victoria was killed and the ship was recovered. Concepcion's captain and his crew surrendered. Juan de Cartagena, the head of the San Antonio, then gave up. Antonio Pigaffeta reported that Gaspar Quesada, the captain of the Concepción, and other people were executed, while Juan de Cartagena and a priest named Padre Sanchez de la Reina were abandoned on the coast. Most of the men, including Juan Sebastián ElCano, were needed and forgiven.

Passage into the Pacific
The journey resumed. The help of Duarte Barbosa was crucial in facing the riot in Puerto San Julian. Magellan named him captain of teh Victoria. The Santiago was sent down the coast on a scouting expedition and was wrecked in a sudden strom. All the crew survived. Two of them returned overland to inform Magellan and to bring rescue. Magellan decided to wait for a few weeks more before resuming the voyage. On 21 October, the fleet reached Cape Virgenes and found a passage, because teh waters were brine and deep inland. Four ships began and arduous trip through the long passage. Magellan named it "All Saints' Channel", because they travelled through it on 1 November (All Saints' Day). This Strait is now named the Strait of Magellan. He first assigned Concepción and San Antonio to explore the strait, but, commanded by Gómez, they deserted and returned to Spain on 20 November. On 28 November, the three remaining ships entered the South Pacific. Magellan named the waters the Pacific Ocean because of its apparent stillness.

Death in the Philippines

The crew reached the equator on 13 February 1521. On 6 March they reached the Marianas and Guam. Pigafetta described the "lateen sail" used by the inhabitants of Guam, hence the name "Island of Sails", but he also writes the inhabitants "entered the ships and stole whatever they could lay their hands on", including "the small boat that was fastened to the poop of the flagship. On 16 March Magellan reached the island of Homonhon in the Philippines, with 150 crew left. Members of his expedition became the first Spaniards to reach the Philippine archipelago, but they were not the first Europeans. Magellan relied on Enrique, his Malay servant and interpreter, to communicate with the native tribes. He had been indentured by Magellan in 1511 after the colonization of Malacca, and had accompanied him through later adventures. Rajah Humabon of Cebu was friendly towards Magellan and the Spaniards; both he and his queen Hara Amihan were baptized as Christians and were given the image of the Holy Child which along with Magellan's Cross symbolizing the Christianization of the Philippines. Afterward, Rajah Humabon and his ally Datu Zula convinced Magellan to kill their enemy, Datu Lapu-Lapu, on Mactan. Magellan wanted to convert Lapu-Lapu to Christianity, as he had Humabon, but Lapu-Lapu rejected that. On the morning of 27 April 1521, Magellan sailed to Mactan with a small attack force. During the resulting battle against Lapu-Lapu's troops, Magellan was struck by a bamboo spear, and later surrounded and finished off with other weapons. media type="youtube" key="u64hpo1IYOs" width="560" height="315"

Pigafetta and Ginés de Mafra provided written documents of the events culminating in Magellan's death:

When morning came, forty-nine of us leaped into the water up to our thighs, and walked through water for more than two cross-bow flights before we could reach the shore. The boats could not approach nearer because of certain rocks in the water. The other eleven men remained behind to guard the boats. When we reached land, [the natives] had formed in three divisions to the number of more than one thousand five hundred people. When they saw us, they charged down upon us with exceeding loud cries... The musketeers and crossbow-men shot from a distance for about a half-hour, but uselessly... Recognizing the captain, so many turned upon him that they knocked his helmet off his head twice... A native hurled a bamboo spear into the captain's face, but the latter immediately killed him with his lance, which he left in the native's body. Then, trying to lay hand on sword, he could draw it out but halfway, because he had been wounded in the arm with a bamboo spear. When the natives saw that, they all hurled themselves upon him. One of them wounded him on the left leg with a large cutlass, which resembles a scimitar, only being larger. That caused the captain to fall face downward, when immediately they rushed upon him with iron and bamboo spears and with their cutlasses, until they killed our mirror, our light, our comfort, and our true guide. When they wounded him, he turned back many times to see whether we were all in the boats. Thereupon, beholding him dead, we, wounded, retreated, as best we could, to the boats, which were already pulling off.

The casualties suffered in the Philippines left the expedition with too few men to sail all three of the remaining ships. Consequently, on 2 May they abandoned and burned Concepción. Reduced to Trinidad and Victoria, the expedition fled westward to Palawan. The two remaining ships, laden with valuable spices, tried to return to Spain by sailing westwards. However, as they left the Spice Islands, the Trinidad began to take on water. The crew tried to discover and repair the leak, but failed. They concluded that Trinidad would need to spend considerable time being overhauled, but the small Victoria was not large enough to accommodate all the surviving crew.

As a result, Victoria with some of the crew sailed west for Spain. Several weeks later, Trinidad departed and tried to return to Spain via the Pacific route. This attempt failed. Trinidad was captured by the Portuguese and was eventually wrecked in a storm while at anchor under Portuguese control. Victoria set sail via the Indian Ocean route home on 21 December, commanded by Juan Sebastián Elcano. By 6 May the Victoria rounded the Cape of Good Hope, with only rice for rations. Twenty crewmen died of starvation before Elcano put into Cape Verde, a Portuguese holding, where he abandoned 13 more crew on 9 July in fear of losing his cargo of 26 tons of spices. On 6 September 1522, Elcano and the remaining crew of Magellan's voyage arrived in Spain aboard the Victoria, almost exactly three years after the fleet of five ships had departed. Magellan had not intended to circumnavigate the world, but rather had intended only to find a secure route through which the Spanish ships could navigate to the Spice Islands. After Magellan's death, Elcano decided to push westward, thereby completing the first known voyage around the entire Earth.

Survivors
//- [|Francisco Albo]// //- Miguel de Rodas// //- Juan de Acurio// //- [|Antonio Pigafetta]// //- Martín De Judicibus// //- Hernando De Bustamante// //- Nicholas el Griego// //- Miguel Sánchez// //- Antonio Hernández Colmenero// //- Francisco Rodrigues// //- Juan Rodriguez// //- Diego Carmena// //- Hans de Aquisgrán// //- Juan de Arratia// //- Vasco Gomez Gallego// //- Juan de Santander// //- Juan Zubileta//
 * -** //@http://Los%2018%20sobrevivientes%20de%20la%20Victoria%20que%20llegaron%20a%20Sevilla%20en%201522%20Nombre%09Puesto%20Juan%20Sebasti%C3%A1Juan Sebastian Elcano//



media type="prezi" key="cshnbe4hwqan" width="825" height="600"

I Have used: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/magellans-expedition-circumnavigates-globe http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan

=Interview with Ferdinand Magellan=

- Hello Magellan, I'm going to ask you some questions about your voyage. + Right, what are you going to ask? - Were you afraid of the voyage? + Well, I was not sure that the world was round so I thought that we could fall, but when we passed the Pacific Ocean I was relax. I was also afraid of pirates or of the people in other countries that could attack us. - Thank you, and how do you get to the decision? + I wanted to be more famous and I thought that the First Circumnavigation was a good idea. I wanted to help the world and our social progress so I finally decided to do that fascinating voyage. - Weren't your family members afraid? + Yes, they were, but they helped me to be more relax. They knew that if the world was really round, I was going to do the voyage perfectly. - During the voyage, were you afraid of didn't find land? + Many times, I wasn't sure of were was the land and many times my crew wanted to return to the Crown of Castille, but finally we reached it so all was ok. - And lets talk a little bit about you. Who were you before the voyage? + I was a soldier. I participated in many different battles, and later I became a sailer and I decided to explore the world. - What do you think about the people that called you crazy of doing that excitinf voyage? + I did't care so much about it, I better listened to the people that helped me to be relax. - Thank you very much, well I think I have the information I need. Goodbye and see you soon. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">+ Thank you too, goodbye. See you soon.

media type="youtube" key="_XpxHsYaohg" width="560" height="315"

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Advertisement
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Have you ever been in a cruise around the world? Would you like to go on one?

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Let's do a cruise and visit the same place that Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebantian Elcano had done in the first circumnavigation, but in less time of course and in a better acommodation.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">BE BRAVE AND TRY THIS EXCITING VOYAGE WITH OUR COMPANY

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">We'll wait for you.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">For more information:

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">999555444

magellanandelcanotravels@gmail.com

magellanandelcanotravels.com

[|My video advertisement]